The pancreas is actually a dual gland in that it is partly exocrine and partly an endocrine gland. The same gland is responsible for secretion of pancreatic enzymes required for digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats and hormones like insulin and glucagon, essential for regulation of blood glucose levels.

Pancreas Anatomy

The pancreas is a longish gland with a head, body and tail, located in the upper part of the abdominal cavity. It runs horizontally, lying below and parallel to the stomach. Its head lies in the C-shaped concavity formed by the duodenum. The body runs left horizontally crossing the aorta and the left renal vessels, until the tail cones to lie almost touching the spleen.

There is a well-organized duct system within the substance of the pancreas to carry pancreatic enzymes into the digestive tract. A large main duct begins at the tail and runs the entire length of the body, receiving smaller branches or tributaries all along. There is also a smaller accessory duct to drain secretions from the upper part of the head of the pancreas and this most often joins the main duct. The main duct then usually joins the bile duct from the liver and together they open into the duodenum.

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